COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ADDRESSING SKILL GAPS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA AND UNITED KINGDOM

Authors

  • Oluwatoba Oyedele Adeniwura Department of Economics Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye Author
  • Anu Keshiro Toriola Department of Economics Hallmark University, Ijebu Itele Author
  • Gbenro Mathew Sokunbi Department of Economics Education Lagos State University of Education, Ijanikin Author
  • Dorothy Omogbohun Ndubueze Department of Economics Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7251/ZREFIS2531023A

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Skill gap, Commercial Bank, Nigeria, United Kingdom

Abstract

The disparities in AI adoption and its effect on skill gaps in the commercial banking sectors of Nigeria and the UK was explored in this study. In Nigeria, AI implementation faces barriersdue to inadequate technological infrastructure, outdated educational curricula and limited access to AI training. In contrast, the UK, which has embraced AI more readily, grapples withconcerns over data privacy and ethical consequences. Using a qualitative approach, the studyanalyzed data from academic literature, policy and appropriate documents published through a thematic analysis.The findings reveal that addressing the skills gap and improving infrastructure is crucialfor effective AI adoption. AI enhances customer service efficiency but with challenges related to inadequate investment in jobtraining and job displacement. While the UK has made progress in integrating AI due to its advanced technological infrastructure and robust training programs, Nigeria lags due to slow AI adoption, insufficient infrastructure, and limitedtraining opportunities. The study concludes that significant disparities exist in AI skills between Nigeria and theUK, influenced by differences in technological infrastructure, education, and policy. Itrecommends that Nigeria prioritize improving infrastructure, updating educational systems, and the need to develop training programs which the skill gap in the country. In the UK, the focus shouldremain on addressing ethical concerns and data privacy to sustain successful AI integration.

References

Adams, Rachel. 2021. “Can Artificial Intelligence Be Decolonized?” Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 46(1–2): 176–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2020.1840225

Adepoju, Oluwaseun O., and Clinton O. Aigbavboa. 2020. “Assessing Knowledge and Skills Gap for Construction 4.0 in a Developing Economy.” Journal of Public Affairs 20(e2264): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2264

Akinode, Oluwaseyi S., and James Lekan. 2020. “Exploring the Potentials of Artificial Intelligence in the Judiciary.” International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 5(8): 23–27. http://www.ijeast.com

Aminu, Aminu. 2019. “Characterising Graduate Unemployment in Nigeria as Education–Job Mismatch Problem.” African Journal of Economic Review 7(2): 113–120.

Bankins, Sarah, and Paul Formosa. 2023. “The Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Meaningful Work.” Journal of Business Ethics 185(4): 725–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-023-05339-7

Basahuwa, Chinedu B., Victor E. Unegbu, and Yusuf T. Babalola. 2020. “ICT Skills and Job Performance of Librarians in Public Universities in North-Central, Nigeria.” Journal of Science Technology and Education 8(1): 154–161. https://www.atbuftejoste.com

Bassey, Miracle M., and Ebi Owushi. 2023. “Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Library and Information Science in the 21st Century: Assessing the Perceived Impacts and Challenges by Librarians in Akwa Ibom and Rivers States.” International Journal of Current Innovations in Education 6(1): 75–94. ISSN 2646-7380.

Biallas, Mark, and Fergus O’Neill. 2024. Artificial Intelligence Innovation in Financial Services. Washington, DC: International Finance Corporation. https://www.ifc.org/publications/artificial-intelligence-innovation-financial-services

Chen, Xi, Hai Xie, Dong Zou, and Gwo-Jen Hwang. 2020. “Application and Theory Gaps during the Rise of Artificial Intelligence in Education.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 1: 100002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002

Colling, Robert, Helen Pitman, Karin Oien, Nasir Rajpoot, Peter Macklin, and Richard L. Ball. 2019. “Artificial Intelligence in Digital Pathology: A Roadmap to Routine Use in Clinical Practice.” Journal of Pathology. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5310

Egara, Fanny O., and Mahlapane D. Mosimege. 2024. “Exploring the Integration of Artificial Intelligence-Based ChatGPT into Mathematics Instruction: Perceptions, Challenges, and Implications for Educators.” Education Sciences 14(7): 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070742

Eke, Daniel O., Kutoma Wakunuma, and Solomon Akintoye, eds. 2023. “Introducing Responsible AI in Africa.” In Social and Cultural Studies of Robots and AI. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08215-3_1

Elegunde, Ayodeji F., and Rachael O. Osagie. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence Adoption and Employee Performance in the Nigerian Banking Industry.” International Journal of Management and Applied Research 4(4): 189–204. https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.734734

Goralski, Michael A., and Toh K. Tan. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Development.” The International Journal of Management Education 18: 100330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100330

Igbinenikaro, Emmanuel, and Ayo O. Adewusi. 2024. “Policy Recommendations for Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Global Trade Agreements.” International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 6(1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2024.6.1.0022

Igwe, Paul A., Dennis Lock, and David G. Rugara. 2020. “What Factors Determine the Development of Employability Skills in Nigerian Higher Education?” Innovations in Education and Teaching International. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2020.1850319

Jaiswal, Ankit, C. J. Arun, and Amit Varma. 2024. “Rebooting Employees: Upskilling for Artificial Intelligence in Multinational Corporations.” [In press or forthcoming].

Kshetri, Nir. 2021. “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Promoting Financial Inclusion in Developing Countries.” Journal of Global Information Technology Management 24(1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2021.1871273

Lloyd, Caroline, and Jonathan Payne. 2019. “Rethinking Country Effects: Robotics, AI, and Work Futures in Norway and the UK.” New Technology, Work and Employment. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12192

Mallah Boustani, Nadine. 2022. “Artificial Intelligence Impact on Banks’ Clients and Employees in an Asian Developing Country.” Journal of Asia Business Studies 16(2): 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-09-2020-0376

Mirbabaie, Milad, Florian Brünker, Niklas R. J. Möllmann, and Stefan Stieglitz. 2022. “The Rise of Artificial Intelligence – Understanding the AI Identity Threat at the Workplace.” Electronic Markets 32(1): 73–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-021-00496-x

Nishant, Rohit, Michael Kennedy, and James Corbett. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Research Agenda.” International Journal of Information Management 53: 102104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102104

Nnaomah, Uche I., Olufemi A. Odejide, Sunday Aderemi, Daniel O. Olutimehin, Emmanuel A. Abaku, and Ogochukwu H. Orieno. 2024. “AI in Risk Management: An Analytical Comparison between the U.S. and Nigerian Banking Sectors.” International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive 6(1): 127–146. https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2024.6.1.0035

Noreen, Umme, Arooj Shafique, Zahid Ahmed, and Muhammad Ashfaq. 2023. “Banking 4.0: Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Banking Industry and Consumer’s Perspective.” Sustainability 15(4): 3682. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043682

Ododo, Emmanuel P., Nse P. Essien, and Arit E. Bassey. 2024. “Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Tool Utilization and Students’ Programming Self-Efficacy and Computational Thinking Skills in JAVA Programming Course in Nigerian Universities.” International Journal of Contemporary Africa Research 2(1): 42–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12100074

Ogunode, Noah J., Kene Edinoh, and Raphael C. Okolie. 2023. “Artificial Intelligence and Tertiary Education Management.” Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5(4): 18–28. https://www.eresearchjournal.com

Okolie, Ugochukwu C., Paul A. Igwe, Henry E. Nwosu, Benjamin C. Eneje, and Samuel Mlanga. 2019. “Enhancing Graduate Employability: Why Do Higher Education Institutions Have Problems with Teaching Generic Skills?” Policy Futures in Education 0(0): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210319864824

Okwudili, Chijioke B. 2024. “Skills Mismatch in Nigeria’s Labour Market: Bridging the Divide – A Case Study of Rivers State.” International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 4(3): 1533–1538.

Oladoyinbo, Tunde O., Sunday O. Olabanji, Oluwaseun O. Olaniyi, Oluwafemi O. Adebiyi, Oluwatobi J. Okunleye, and Abiodun I. Alao. 2024. “Exploring the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Data Integrity and Its Influence on Social Dynamics.” Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 18(2): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJARR/2024/v18i2601

Onwubere, Chinedu H. 2024. “Geospatial Data and Artificial Intelligence Technologies as Innovative Communication Tools for Quality Education and Lifelong Learning.” EJOTMAS: Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 7(1–2): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejotmas.v7i1-2.4

Osita, Francis C., Peter O. Oraegbunam, and Nkiru Onuzulike-Chukwuemeka. 2022. “Curbing Youth Unemployment in South-East Nigeria through Skill Acquisition and Entrepreneurial Education.” International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science 7(4): 150–155.

Osuizugbo, Ifeanyi C., and Abiodun S. Alabi. 2021. “Built Environment Professionals’ Perceptions of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Construction Industry.” Covenant Journal of Research in the Built Environment 9(2): 48–66.

Owolabi, John D., Daniel Malagwi, Olumide Oyeyipo, Emmanuel O. Ola-Ade, and Patricia F. Tunji-Olayeni. 2022. “Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Nigerian Building and Construction Industry.” International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences 9(10): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.10.005

Salau, Ayodeji O., William B. Demilie, Adebayo T. Akindadelo, and Joseph N. Eneh. 2022. “Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Applications, Threats, and Future Opportunities.” Paper presented at the Workshop on Advances in Computation Intelligence, Its Concepts and Applications (ACI’22) at ISIC 2022, Savannah, United States. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365715182

Sampene, Alfred K., Francis O. Agyeman, Richard Brenya, and Justice Wiredu. 2022. “Artificial Intelligence as a Pathway to Africa’s Transformations.” Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) 9(1): 14939–14960. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6496795

Sheth, Jagdish N., Vikas Jain, Gaurav Roy, and Abhishek Chakraborty. 2022. “AI-Driven Banking Services: The Next Frontier for a Personalised Experience in the Emerging Market.” International Journal of Bank Marketing 40(6): 1428–1453. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-09-2021-0327

Strusani, Davide, and Georges Vivien Houngbonon. 2024. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Development in Emerging Markets. Washington, DC: International Finance Corporation. https://www.ifc.org/AI_Support_Development_Emerging_Markets

Tubaro, Paola, Antonio A. Casilli, and Marion Coville. 2020. “The Trainer, the Verifier, the Imitator: Three Ways in Which Human Platform Workers Support Artificial Intelligence.” Big Data and Society 7(1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720919776

Tula, Oluwasegun A., Olufemi Babayeju, and Emmanuel Aigbedion. 2023. “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Advancing Competence Assurance in the African Energy Industry.” World Journal of Innovation and Modern Technology 7(2): 83–95. https://doi.org/10.56201/wjimt.v7.no2.2023.pg83.95

Ukpong, Edidiong G. 2022. “Integration of Artificial Intelligence Applications for Financial Process Innovation by Commercial Banks in Nigeria.” AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance 2(1): 125–128. Akwa Ibom State University.

Yakubu, Yusuf. 2024. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Technology-Enhanced Learning for Sustainable Growth and Inclusive Development in Nigeria. Zaria: Federal College of Education.

Yusuf, Taofeek I., Olalekan A. Adebayo, Lateef A. Bello, and Joseph O. Kayode. 2022. “Adoption of Artificial Intelligence for Effective Library Service Delivery in Academic Libraries in Nigeria.” Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), Paper 6804. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6804

Downloads

Published

2025-12-15

Issue

Section

Review Paper

How to Cite

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ADDRESSING SKILL GAPS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA AND UNITED KINGDOM. (2025). Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta U Istočnom Sarajevu, 31, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.7251/ZREFIS2531023A