AGRARIAN RELATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DURING THE TURKISH AND AUSTRO - HUNGARIAN OCCUPATION, AND THEIR REMOVAL WITH AGRARIAN REFORM FROM 1919 TO 1931

Abstract

At the start we give a brief survey of the relations of production in the current development of human society. This is done from the standpoint of Marx's notion of productive relations. Then we discuss about relations of production in agriculture, addressed as agrarian relations. They are very different from the relations of production in other areas of the economy. This results from the specificity of agriculture. In feudalism, they are the essence of social relations. With the economic development their influence is decreasing, but in capitalism they also have certain characteristics. Turkish military-feudal system was the essential feature of the Asian mode of production. The Turkish occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina lasted for more than four centuries. Military-feudal system was significantly different from the feudalism of Western Europe. State disposition of land and appropriation of rents are incorporated into the strategy of conquest of new and preservation of the occupied territories. Islamization has contributed to strengthening and the long duration of that system. The way of appropriation of labor surplus significantly slowed the economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austro-Hungarian occupation authorities accounted for some positive developments in agriculture, but did not abolish feudal relations Agrarian reform (1919.-1931). removed from the feudal relations in agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina and created the initial conditions for the development of capitalism.